Types of Kidney, Prostate Cancer, Urinary Bladder & Penis Cancer (Urological)?

Here are some common surgical procedures for urological cancers:

• Kidney Cancer Surgery:
  a. Partial Nephrectomy: Partial nephrectomy involves the surgical removal of the tumor and a portion of the affected kidney while preserving the remaining healthy kidney tissue. It is the preferred option for smaller kidney tumors or when preserving kidney function is important.
  b. Radical Nephrectomy: Radical nephrectomy involves the complete removal of the affected kidney, along with the surrounding fatty tissue, lymph nodes, and adjacent structures. It is typically performed for larger or more advanced kidney tumors.
  c. Laparoscopic or Robotic-Assisted Surgery: Minimally invasive approaches, such as laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery, can be used for both partial and radical nephrectomy, offering advantages such as smaller incisions, faster recovery, and reduced post-operative pain.
• Prostate Cancer Surgery:
  a. Radical Prostatectomy: Radical prostatectomy involves the surgical removal of the entire prostate gland, along with the seminal vesicles and nearby lymph nodes. It is the primary treatment option for localized prostate cancer.
  b. Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy is a minimally invasive approach that offers enhanced precision and visualization compared to traditional open surgery. It can help spare the surrounding nerves and improve post-operative outcomes such as urinary continence and sexual function.
  c. Nerve-Sparing Techniques: In certain cases, nerve-sparing techniques can be employed during radical prostatectomy to preserve erectile function by minimizing damage to the nerves that control erections.
• Urinary Bladder Cancer Surgery:
  a. Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT): TURBT is a procedure performed to remove tumors within the bladder using a cystoscope inserted through the urethra. It is commonly used for diagnosing and staging bladder cancer.
  b. Radical Cystectomy: Radical cystectomy involves the surgical removal of the entire bladder, nearby lymph nodes, and sometimes adjacent organs such as the prostate or uterus. In men, urinary diversion techniques are used to reroute urine after bladder removal.
• Penile Cancer Surgery:
  a. Partial Penectomy: Partial penectomy involves the surgical removal of a portion of the penis affected by cancer, while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible.
  b. Total Penectomy: Total penectomy is the complete removal of the penis. It may be necessary in advanced cases of penile cancer.
  c. Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection: Inguinal lymph node dissection involves the removal of lymph nodes in the groin area to assess if cancer has spread.

FAQ About Kidney, Prostate Cancer, Urinary Bladder & Penis Cancer (Urological) Surgery

• What is the purpose of surgery in urological cancer treatment?
  Surgery plays a crucial role in the treatment of urological cancers. Its primary goals are to remove the cancerous tumor, potentially affected surrounding tissues, and nearby lymph nodes. Surgery may also be performed to relieve symptoms or complications caused by the cancer.
• Who will perform the surgery?
  Urological cancer surgeries are typically performed by urologists or urologic oncologists. These are specialized surgeons with expertise in treating diseases of the urinary tract and male reproductive system.
• What are the different surgical approaches for urological cancers?
  The surgical approach depends on the specific type, stage, and location of the cancer. Common surgical techniques include open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, robotic-assisted surgery, and endoscopic procedures. The choice of approach will be determined by the surgeon's expertise and the patient's individual circumstances.